Congress enacted the Indian Land Consolidation Act (ILCA) in 1983 and substantially amended it in 1984. The Indian Land Consolidation Act attempted to address the fractionated ownership problem by:

1. authorizing tribes to Develop Land Consolidation Plans which could include the buying, selling, and trading of fractionated interests;

2. authorizing tribes to enact laws which Restrict the Rights of Non-Indians or Non-members to Inherit Trust or Restricted Lands on their Reservations; and

3. providing that Small Interests Shall Escheat (go) to the Tribe.